全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2981篇 |
免费 | 489篇 |
国内免费 | 468篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1834篇 |
晶体学 | 71篇 |
力学 | 412篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
数学 | 115篇 |
物理学 | 1445篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 30篇 |
2022年 | 74篇 |
2021年 | 206篇 |
2020年 | 147篇 |
2019年 | 95篇 |
2018年 | 76篇 |
2017年 | 156篇 |
2016年 | 146篇 |
2015年 | 139篇 |
2014年 | 174篇 |
2013年 | 247篇 |
2012年 | 199篇 |
2011年 | 249篇 |
2010年 | 153篇 |
2009年 | 187篇 |
2008年 | 160篇 |
2007年 | 194篇 |
2006年 | 170篇 |
2005年 | 144篇 |
2004年 | 121篇 |
2003年 | 114篇 |
2002年 | 126篇 |
2001年 | 76篇 |
2000年 | 98篇 |
1999年 | 77篇 |
1998年 | 69篇 |
1997年 | 57篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 40篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 24篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 16篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1968年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3938条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
61.
62.
The manufacturing of ophthalmic lenses is one of the most important markets worldwide and, therefore, strong research efforts are undertaken to continuously improve the quality of the products, either silicate glasses or organic polymer lenses. Hybrid sol-gel based materials play a major role in this highly competitive field and have contributed significantly to the commercial success of the organic base materials. Recent developments concern fast curing and patternable coatings that might soon become part of this business. The compatibility of hybrid sol-gel materials either with organic dyes or with inorganic vacuum borne coatings offers further possibilities to develop highly sophisticated lenses meeting not only customer needs like perfect corrective function, high optical quality and protection, but also high durability as well as cosmetic and decorative aspects. An overview and a few recent developments are outlined below. 相似文献
63.
以Beta分子筛为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂,并对其在富氧条件下丙烯选择性催化还原NO性能进行了研究。通过N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱(in-situ DRIFTS)等研究手段对催化剂进行表征,考察Mn组分对催化剂的物理化学性质、C3H6-SCR反应活性和反应中间产物的影响。结果表明,引入Mn物种可以显著提高Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温催化活性,1.5Fe1.0Mn/Beta催化剂NO还原效率350℃最高可达99.4%,在250-400℃反应温度下显示出很高的反应活性和N2选择性。原位红外光谱研究表明,分子筛离子交换位上孤立的铁离子是丙烯选择性氧化的主要活性位,分散良好的MnO2物种不能提高催化剂对丙烯的活化能力,但有助于促进形成NO2吸附物种,从而提升了Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂的低温C3H6-SCR性能。经高温水热老化处理后,Fe-Mn/Beta催化剂脱硝活性明显下降,这与孤立的Fe3+离子迁移形成FexOy团聚物种有关。 相似文献
64.
A novel dual stage chemiluminescence detection system incorporating individually controlled hot stages has been developed and applied to probe for material interaction effects during polymer degradation. Utilization of this system has resulted in experimental confirmation for the first time that in an oxidizing environment a degrading polymer A (in this case polypropylene, PP) is capable of infecting a different polymer B (in this case polybutadiene, HTPB) over a relatively large distance. In the presence of the infectious degrading polymer A, the thermal degradation of polymer B is observed over a significantly shorter time period. Consistent with infectious volatiles from material A initiating the degradation process in material B it was demonstrated that traces (micrograms) of a thermally sensitive peroxide in the vicinity of PP could induce degradation remotely. This observation documents cross-infectious phenomena between different polymers and has major consequences for polymer interactions, understanding fundamental degradation processes and long-term aging effects under combined material exposures. 相似文献
65.
66.
67.
Grounds T. Nowell D. V. Wilburn F. W. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,72(1):181-190
One of the principal uses of supersulfated cement has been for structures exposed to sea water and sulfate bearing ground
waters. The resistance to such environments has been related to the absence of calcium hydroxide and the combination of much
of the free alumina into ettringite during hydration. This paper reports the resistance of SSC to sulfate solutions in which
ettringite has been decomposed. Prism samples were subjected to initial water storage at 25°C for both 28 days and 6 months.
Samples were also cured for 6 months at 95°C and at both 11% and 100% R.H. The control samples of 28 days were compared with
the 6 months samples of a more mature undecomposed SSC paste. After curing the prisms were measured and all the samples were
immersed in three sulfate solutions (0.7M Na2SO4 , 0.7M MgSO4 and saturated CaSO4), and water at the same time. Measurements of linear expansion over 6 months were carried out. Core and surface material
following immersion was examined by DTG and XRD. The study indicated that SSC is resistant to sodium and calcium sulfate solutions.
Strong magnesium sulfate solutions decomposed the samples under all conditions. A possible mechanism for this attack is suggested.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
68.
Thermal and Temporal Aging of Two Step Acid-Base Catalyzed Silica Gels in Water/Ethanol Solutions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Haereid S. Nilsen E. Ranum V. Einarsrud M.-A. 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,8(1-3):153-157
Dissolution and reprecipitation of silica during aging in water improve the wet gels mechanical stiffness and strength, and hence shrinkage during supercritical drying is reduced. We have investigated how the strength and stiffness of a 2-step TEOS acid-base catalyzed wet gel can be improved by aging in a solution of water/ethanol (20–40 vol%) at various temperatures (20–70°C) and time (2 h and 24 h) and how this influences the aerogels properties. The linear shrinkage during supercritical drying was reduced from 29% to 2% by introducing the aging step in the 20 vol% water/ethanol solution for 24 h at 60°C.We have also in previous works introduced the idea of preparing ambient pressure dried silica aerogels by increasing the wet gels stiffness by aging in a TEOS solution until shrinkage during drying is almost eliminated. The gels aged in the water/ethanol solutions were further aged in a TEOS/ethanol solution and the effect of the increasing water content in the pore liquid was studied. A xerogel density of 0.20 g/cm3 is reported for gels with a shear modulus (G) of 30 MPa. 相似文献
69.
Manabu Tsujino Tetsuhiko Isobe Mamoru Senna 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2000,19(1-3):785-789
A tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-derived sol aged for 0 h–6 h at room temperature was mixed with a polyurethane (PU) matrix. A composite of silk fibroin (SF) powders and acrylamide (AAm) was dispersed in the sol-PU mixture and dried isothermally at temperatures between 25°C and 120°C to obtain composite films. Three competitive reactions take place, i.e., those between silica-silica, SF-PU and silica-organic phases, during formation of the composite films. These reactions determine the properties such as morphology and homogeneity of the composite films. IR absorption bands for amide groups (–CONH–), C=O (amide I, 1730 cm–1) and N–H (amide II, 1530 cm–1) become larger with decreasing aging time of TEOS-derived sol, or increasing drying temperature. DTA exothermic peak due to the thermal decomposition of SF-AAm composite, on the composite films prepared from the 0 h-aged sol or dried at more than 50°C, shifts toward higher temperature by 44 K or more than 63 K respectively, as compared to the SF-AAm composite. Shorter aging time of TEOS-derived sol and higher drying temperature increased the extent of dispersibility, among SF-AAm composite, PU and silica, to bring a composite film more homogeneous. 相似文献
70.
I. M. Miranda Salvado F. M. A. Margaça J. Teixeira 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1994,2(1-3):289-294
Silica-titania gels, prepared in acidic conditions, with contents of TiO2 up to 6 mol%, have been studied by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) as wet gel with increasing aging times. In all samples, small primary particles have been found with a diameter of about 3 nm. At the gel point, cylindrical clusters, ca. 10 nm long, were observed as well. These grow with aging time, becoming branched. The cluster-cluster diffusion limited aggregation model is found to be consistent with the SANS results. The growth process is independent of the TiO2 content. It is mainly influenced by the ratio of the aging time to the gelation time. 相似文献